![]() I didn’t want to post a review until I’d had time to get to know it thoroughly, so I’ve been using it to read at work, at home, and other places. I’ve been using a Clara HD review unit for the last couple of weeks, ever since Kobo got it to me just about at the same time it launched. It’s not without its flaws, but it’s got some very decent features as well. But it’s still a pretty decent e-ink reader, and one of the only good e-ink options on the market for people who don’t want to deal with Amazon for one reason or another. Is the new $129.99 Kobo Clara HD going to spark a revolution and win the ereader market back from Amazon? Probably not. ![]() Comic Books: CBZ and CBR.The Kobo reading interface includes a number of menu options at top and bottom revealed by touching the middle of the screen, including access to annotations, an in-book search, and dictionary. Supported file formats: Books: EPUB, PDF and MOBI. 6.5 ounces.īattery: sealed inside, lasts up to 1 month with WiFi off. 16 shades of gray.Įxpansion: SD card slot, compatible with SDHC cards.ĭimensions and Weight: 6.5 x 4.5 x 0.4 inches. blog comments powered by Disqusĭisplay: 6" E-Ink Pearl display with IR-based touch. Web Site: Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. What do we like about the Kobo? It supports standard Adobe Adept DRM, and that means you can use public library ebooks and books from some other ebook sellers (but not Amazon and B&N). For example, the margins on some ebooks went all the way to the edge and setting wider margins didn't change this. We also found that formatting settings sometimes didn't work in side-loaded ePUBs. We're OK with that, but we do find the Kobo Touch slower than the Barnes & Noble Nook Touch and Sony's touch screen E-Ink readers. However, it lacks audio, so you can't play music or audio books, and there's no 3G version. The Kobo Touch is light, portable and decently priced for a touch screen ebook reader. The Kobo has 7 fonts and enough font sizes to satisfy both the myopic and eagle-eyed reader, and you can adjust how often it completely refreshes the display- some folks hate E-Ink refresh because it flashes to black for a second, while others despise the 5 o'clock shadow text leaves when not completely refreshed, so the Kobo can suit both camps.Ībove: the microSD card slot is on the ereader's left side.Ībove: the Kindle 3 (now called Kindle Keyboard) and the Kobo Touch. That's still much longer than LCD-based tablets and ereaders, and it's easy to charge the Kobo Touch using a micro USB cable and computer or a handy smartphone charger. Kobo claims that the ebook reader can last up to a month on a charge, but we averaged 2 weeks with WiFi turned off. It's also not compatible with B&N Nook books because they use a different form of Adobe DRM (digital rights management, aka copy protection). It is not compatible with Amazon Kindle ebooks (only Kindle ebook readers and the Kindle apps are compatible with Amazon's format). That means books from the Sony Reader Store will also work on the Kobo, as do public library books in ePUB format. has a large selection of popular titles in standard Adobe Adept DRM ePUB format, which the Kobo Touch supports. The reader is WiFi only, and there's no 3G option, so you'll download books from when in range of a WiFi hotspot, or transfer books to the reader using a USB cable. It's fairly light at 6.5 ounces and very pocketable. It has a 6" Pearl E-Ink display that's readable outdoors like the Kindle 3 and Nook Touch, and the display supports 16 shades of gray. In Chief (twitter: is an online ebook seller based in Canada, and the Kobo Touch is their second ereader. What's not: Text not quite as crisp as Kindle 3, sometimes sluggish. What's hot: Touch screen, clear E-Ink Pearl display. Kobo Touch Video Review Editor's rating (1-5):
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![]() The operator leverages OpenSCAP under the hood to perform the scans. The compliance operator is an OpenShift Operator that allows an administrator to run compliance scans and provide remediations for the issues found. Why is the Compliance Operator needed to validate the hardening and apply changes in the configuration of the operating system and the platform? The Compliance Operator is defined as follows: ![]() So, several questions may come to your mind, including: Are there any benchmarks for hardening how to check the validation how to fix the issues or apply for the recommended configurations how to automate a series of the process and who should prepare for the policy files? Why Compliance Operator? You can learn more about the Machine Config Operator at OpenShift Container Platform 4: How Does Machine Config Pool Work? or Machine Config and Machine Updates. But for clusters that use RHCOS for all machines, updating or upgrading are designed to become automatic events from the central control plane, because OpenShift completely controls the systems and services that run on each machine, including the operating system itself through the Machine Config Operator. It should validate if the API server has started with restrictive arguments regarding allowing specific admission plug-ins, enabling audit logging, applying etcd server and peer configurations, and restricting RBAC, among others. Then, hardening the control plane is specific to the Kubernetes services and includes the control plane components or the master configuration files. This applies even if the host OS uses RHCOS or RHEL, for instance, validating if the file has appropriately restrictive file permissions, if the file ownership is appropriately set, if required systemd services or processes are launched with appropriate arguments or parameters in the configuration, or if the appropriate kernel parameters are set. The basic approach to hardening the host OS is almost the same as the RHEL 8 Security Hardening. Understanding the OpenShift Container Platform control plane describes more about the control plane and its components. Both the CRI-O container engine and Kubelet run on the worker machines to initiate containers creation and running. Meanwhile the CRI-O container engine manages the containers, and Kubelet receives requests for managing containers from the API server. To secure your OpenShift cluster, it is mandatory to consider both platforms (Kubernetes) and host OS (RHCOS, RHEL) perspectives, because Kubernetes is composed of control plane machines (master) and worker machines (node), then the Kubernetes services such as API Server, etcd, or controller manager run on the control plane to manage the workload on the worker machines. For further security aspects, the Compliance Operator was released in OCP 4.6, so I would like to show you what is needed to secure or harden a Kubernetes cluster briefly, and then discuss the differences between Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management, the Compliance Operator, and Open Policy Agent (OPA) to help you understand how the Compliance Operator helps secure and harden your OpenShift cluster. OpenShift is secure by default as described in the OpenShift Security Guide Book and has several built-in security features from Host OS to container orchestration. As a result, the security of different Kubernetes platforms can vary.īesides, security considerations are varied by security vendors or security solutions in their own way, but one of the effective ways is system hardening because it can mitigate security risks by eliminating potential attack vectors and decreasing the system's attack surface. ![]() ![]() Kubernetes is a project that can run using different operating systems and add-on components that offer no guarantees of supportability from the project. One of the reasons is Kubernetes platforms can run on different operating systems. When it comes to container security, this is definitely food for thought for sys/infra admins or security engineers, and the basic approach for security is defense-in-depth, but it requires tremendous efforts in terms of both platform and application. ![]() And it has Lionel Messi to thank.įollow live coverage of Lionel Messi’s Inter Miami vs Atlanta United Tonight, for a second, at least, MLS finally lived up to its own hype. But what the league has lacked are genuine, real moments of insanity. MLS and its partners have done so much to manufacture hype for this game since the league has craved mainstream relevance over the years, which has proven elusive in a country dominated by other sports. ![]() Lionel Messi’s debut in an Inter Miami jersey is an unqualified success. “Esto es una fu-g pelicula!!! (“This is a f-ing movie!”) There are a few “influencers” mixed in with the photographers and cameramen behind the north ad boards, and one holds his phone aloft, in selfie mode, screaming in Spanglish. The look on Messi’s own face - a wide-eyed smile, his eyes full of amazement - seems to give the impression that even he couldn’t believe what he just did. Most fans are in hysterics, but a few are entirely silent, frozen in disbelief. The entire stadium erupts in a ground-shaking ovation as Messi streaks toward the corner flag, taking his teammates in his arms once he gets there. Cold, calculated, Messi steps over the ball and strikes it with his left instep, curling it past the outstretched fingertips of Cruz Azul’s goalie. debut, or Wayne Rooney and Luciano Acosta’s magical moment. Our mission is to provide you with the highest quality products and an unparalleled shopping experience, ensuring that you can proudly represent Cruz Azul wherever you go.What Lionel Messi does next will probably go down in American soccer history as one of the most memorable goals ever scored, alongside Zlatan’s Ibrahimovic’s 45-yard volley in his own U.S. Whether you're looking for player-specific items, limited edition collections, or simply want to upgrade your wardrobe with the latest designs from Cruz Azul, we've got you covered.Įxplore our wide variety of authentic Cruz Azul products and find the perfect items to showcase your dedication and love for Cruz Azul. That's why we offer an extensive collection of official Cruz Azul products to cater to every fan's needs. Find All The Official Gear & Apparel A True Cruz Azul Fan Would Need And More!Īt FansEdge, we understand the importance of having top-notch gear to represent your favorite team. Our user-friendly website makes it easy to find and purchase the items you're looking for, and our commitment to customer satisfaction ensures that you'll have a seamless and enjoyable shopping experience every time you visit FansEdge.īrowse through our collection of officially licensed Cruz Azul gear and apparel and stay up to date with the latest styles and designs from your favorite clubs and teams. ![]() ![]() Shop FansEdge For The Latest Cruz Azul Gear, Merchandise, and Apparelĭiscover a wide range of high-quality, authentic Cruz Azul gear and merchandise at FansEdge.įrom on-field essentials like official Cruz Azul jerseys and kits to off-field favorites like hoodies, hats, and accessories, our selection at FansEdge has everything a true fan needs to stand out and show their support. When you choose officially licensed Cruz Azul gear and apparel from FansEdge, you're choosing to support your favorite team in the most genuine way possible.īy purchasing official Cruz Azul jerseys, kits, and apparel from FansEdge, you not only show your love for the game but also contribute to the success and growth of the teams and leagues you cherish.Įxperience the thrill of wearing your team's colors with pride, knowing you're directly supporting them with our selection of authentic, top-quality apparel and merchandise available here at FansEdge. Our carefully curated selection ensures that you'll always find the perfect items to express your team spirit, whether you're cheering from the stands, hosting a game day gathering, or simply going about your daily routine. Embrace your passion for Cruz Azul and showcase your unwavering loyalty with our extensive collection of officially licensed jerseys, kits, and apparel.Īt FansEdge, we're dedicated to providing you with the latest and greatest gear to help you represent your favorite team in style and confidence. ![]() What Reviewers Say: You won’t be uncertain about this bag when you read what reviewers have to say about it. ![]() And, that’s a steal for the quality you get. Will it break the bank? The MSRP sits at $135. But you really can’t throw it in the machine…because it’s leather. Along with that, there is a lot of space for keys, phones (unless you’re rocking a 1992-sized cell phone – we’re not here to judge), wallets, and all the other little bits you carry around with you.Ĭan you wash it? You can wipe it with a damp cloth to clean it. It will, however, fit tablets up to 10.5” by 7.5”. What’s the largest laptop or tablet it can hold? This isn’t big enough for a shiny new Mac. No more scrambling after the cables that fell out of your bag as you peddle to work. And, we have to love that (especially as it still sells for less than $100).Ĭan you close it fully? All of the exterior pockets zip closed. What’s it made of? This is one of those genuine leather bags – made from Colombian cowhide at that. No matter where you look, people are falling in love with this unconventional messenger bag. ![]() There are a lot of clear bonuses with this bag from the sturdy soft leather construction and 3 exterior zip pockets to the fact that you get to choose between three shades of leather.Īnd, not only will the Amazon reviews make you fall in love with this bag, but it gets seriously positive reviews on eBags too. You know, the efficient sort of folk that is always prepared. It works for guys that have some stuff… but not that much. This leather messenger bag for men is a perfect size for a man bag – and doesn’t look like the same one everyone else has. We may receive commissions on purchases made from our chosen links. Our editors independently research, test, and recommend the best products you can learn more about our review process here. We think you’re going to love these best messenger bags for men.Īlso, don’t forget to check out the best gym bag, best wallets, and best watches for men, too. Well, that and our week of research spent looking at every possible messenger bag for men on the market. If you’re thinking about purchasing a man purse but don’t want to come across as a feminine dweeb, these top men’s messenger bag should set your ego at ease. Part of the reason is the convenience, but shoulder bags for men have a new place in the world where they’re office friendly and downtown casual. Not only does this eliminate a lot of the association with purses, it also says you’re a man of action!Īnd, MarketWatch states, “In 2014, men’s bags sales rose 35%.” That means guys are buying. And, you should have one. The one wearing a shoulder man bag that looks far too much like a purse.Īccording to The Telegraph, the best messenger bags for men should be worn high and across the body. No one wants to be that guy – you know the one I’m talking about. This safety net against hackers makes Adobe Reader Lite a great choice for anyone dealing with PDF documents on a daily basis, ensuring their personal files and data will always remain safe. The program will not only detect if one of your documents is infected by a virus or malware, but will also let you isolate the threat, keeping all your sensitive data protected. Powerful security measures to keep your computer safeĪdobe Reader Lite includes a wide array of security features aimed to protect your computer from any malicious attack disguised as a PDF file. Here, you can enable a larger text display, higher contrasts, and other adjustments to project a more dynamic background on your screen. In the Preferences menu, the Accessibility section will present you with an easy-to-use wizard. Readers with impaired vision, slight blindness, or limited mobility can still use the customization options to help them read with ease. While Adobe Reader Lite lacks some features that the full Adobe Reader version offers, its nifty accessibility functions are still present. ![]() ![]() What Accessibility tools does Adobe Reader Lite have? Sign documents- Reader Lite includes Adobe’s digital signature function, letting you draw your signature in any document with legal validity.Fill forms- The program allows you to fill out interactive PDFs while maintaining the format of the original file.Highlight text- With Reader Lite you can perform basic PDF editing tasks, such as highlighting text and adding annotations to their pages.Open and view PDF files- Reader Lite is capable of opening and reproducing any PDF file without wasting resources, making it a popular choice for individuals that don’t have a high-end computer.Reader Lite is a streamlined version from Adobe’s popular document management application. With a clean and easy to use interface, Adobe Reader Lite is the perfect choice for anyone trying to find an alternative to nowadays resource-demanding PDF readers. ![]() With it you’ll be able to open and interact with PDF files by adding comments, highlighting text or filling and signing them with ease. Would you like to know more? What is Adobe Reader Lite and what is it used for?Īdobe Reader Lite is a free PDF reader that includes all essential tools from Adobe Reader DC but without affecting your computer’s performance. Considered the leading PDF reader in the market, Adobe Reader Lite is the go-to choice for everyone looking for a powerful document management application that will go light on their computer resources. Developed by Adobe, Adobe Reader Lite is a stripped version of the popular Adobe Reader DC (Document Cloud), bringing you all the essential tools to interact with PDFs but without the unnecessary bloat and resource-demanding features that the latter is known for. Joe Wainer Updated 3 months ago A streamlined and light version of Adobe Reader DCĪdobe Acrobat Reader Lite is a free software used for viewing, printing and a nnotating PDF files. ![]() Apparently there are 411 steps, but we didn’t count them □ There is a modern, steepish staircase with a metal handrail, going all the way down. The cave entrance is at an altitude of 171 metres, and its depth is approximately 85 meters. According to estimates, it is 45 million years old! The stalactite at the entrance of Antiparos cave is the oldest in Europe. When I die, it’s not going to make a special impression”. One of her famous quotes was “I’ve spent most of my life underground. ( Side note: This woman was amazing – she was the first Greek woman to climb mount Olympus, in 1930, and has explored over 1,000 caves worldwide!! These names were chosen by the prominent speleologist Anna Petroheilou who designed the original touristic route inside the cave in 1979, when she was 74 years old. There are four main rooms, which all have names. ![]() The Antiparos cave is the only vertical cave in Europe, and extends at several levels. In my opinion, they are an inherent part of the cave, and one of the reasons why it’s so special! A few facts about the cave in AntiparosĪnd now, here are a few facts about the cave in Antiparos. I thought that all those signatures were pretty cool. I couldn’t find any info about him, but I loved his calligraphy. Unfortunately, we couldn’t locate his signature anywhere. Lord Byron, the poet who wrote about the Greek Revolution in 1821, has also visited the cave. Queen Amalia was the person who designed the National Gardens in Athens. Here, you can see King Otto’s signature, who visited with his wife Amalia in 1840. It’s a shame he had to take with him all these souvenirs… I guess at the time you couldn’t actually buy any Greek souvenirs! Whether any of this is true or a legend, is not certain, but it’s an interesting story nonetheless!īelow, you can see a 1673 carving, when the Marquis de Nointel and his followers held a Christmas Mass in the Antiparos Cave.Īpparently, this sign translates into “Christ himself was here and celebrated the day of His birth at midnight in 1673”. The sign with their names by the entrance of the cave has reportedly survived since that era. It is said that certain Macedonian generals found shelter here during the 4th century BC, after conspiring against Alexander the Great. While the natural beauty of the cave is impressive, another thing which will amaze visitors are the writings on the walls of the cave, proof of all these people who have visited. Inside Antiparos Cave – Carvings and signatures Still, there are many interesting natural formations inside the cave.ĭepending on your imagination, they may resemble various familiar objects. Some of the stalactites and stalagmites removed during that era can be seen at the Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg.įinally, during WWII, more stalactites and stalagmites were detached by the German conquerors.Īs stalactites grow at an average rate of about 1 cm per 100 years, it would take millions of years for them to be repaired. Some of them were taken to France in 1673, when a certain Marquis de Nointel visited the cave with his entourage.ĭuring the Russian occupation in Paros and Antiparos, between 17, the Cave was further destroyed. ![]() In the past few centuries, many of the stalactites and stalagmites were removed from the cave. Findings include fragments of ancient vases, some of which are exhibited in the Archaeological Museum in Paros. Thousands of people have lived or visited here over the last millennia. It was originally used as a shelter, and there is evidence that it also served as a place of worship for Goddess Artemis, one of the 12 Olympian Gods. The Antiparos cave has been known since antiquity. Here is some information on the amazing cave in Antiparos. However, the infrastructure when I last visited was old, and more slippery. I had actually visited twice before, so I kind of knew what to expect. It was one of our highlights for our month-long trip to the Cyclades last summer! The Antiparos cave is the number one attraction on the small island. If you haven’t been to Greece before, here’s an introduction to the Greek islands. One of the best-known caves in Greece is on the island of Antiparos, which is one of the Cyclades islands. They have always fascinated visitors, speleologists, and archaeologists. Since the paleolithic ages, many of them have been used as dwellings, shelters, tombs or even places of worship. These natural wonders, with the magnificent stalactites and stalagmites, have always attracted people’s interest. There are hundreds of caves all around Greece. The Cave in the Greek island of Antiparos ![]() To do this, you just have to play the music, then click on the options button of your Samsung Galaxy S4. If you do not already have one, there are many available for download on your Samsung Galaxy S4's 'Play Store': you just have to type 'music player' in the search bar, then make your choice. Go through a music player on your Samsung Galaxy S4Īn interesting option to put a custom ringtone on your Samsung Galaxy S4 is to go through a music player. You can do this through a music download service or through a USB cable from your computer. In all cases we assume that you have downloaded the desired music on your Samsung Galaxy S4. To set your MP3 music as a ringtone, you need to go through your favorite music player on your Samsung Galaxy S4, or go through the 'Settings' menu. Indeed, the Android system is well known for its great operability and the multiple options available, especially on your Samsung Galaxy S4. Set MP3 music as a ringtone on your Samsung Galaxy S4 is relatively easy when you know how to do it. Set MP3 music as a ringtone for your Samsung Galaxy S4 ![]() We assume in this tutorial that you have all the knowledge about the property rights of musics and ringtones used on your Samsung Galaxy S4. This is possible thanks to many applications for your Samsung Galaxy S4 as discussed in the second part of this article.įinally, we will see how to set a personalized ringtone for a particular contact. For example, you may want to remember only the chorus of your favorite music to set it as a ringtone for your Samsung Galaxy S4. Even better, we'll show you how to edit your favorite MP3 tracks on your Samsung Galaxy S4. We will show you through this article how to set a custom ringtone on your Samsung Galaxy S4, especially if this ringtone comes from an MP3. How to set a custom ringtone on your Samsung Galaxy S4 The experts are at your disposal to help you. Customize a ringtone for a single contactĪll the news on Samsung Galaxy S4 in our articles. Clear all of them and you’ll sfusee a metal desk and a steamer trunk beside it. There’s a room up here filled with raiders, as well as Cutty, a raider in Power Armor. Located inside the abandoned power plant, the Endurance Bobblehead can be found in the main area of the building where there are a number of ramps leading to a central metal catwalk. You’ll find Poseidon Energy in the southeastern section of the map. The Bobblehead is on the desk at the back of the room where you’ll first meet Preston Garvey and his core group of Minutemen-aligned settlers. This is one of the first quests in the game. This is one of the easier Bobbleheads to locate, as you should come across it while completing When Freedom Calls. You’ll find the Strength Bobblehead sitting on top of the metal wall statue that overlooks the lobby down below. On the fifth floor, jump onto the couch that’s up against the railings directly opposite the elevator shaft. This means you’ll need to clear out all of the enemies on your way up, so come prepared for a fight. It’s on one of the higher levels of the building, five floors up. You’ll find the Strength Bobblehead inside the Mass Fusion Building. They’ll immediately and permanently add one rank to each of your Strength, Perception, Endurance, Charisma, Intelligence, Agility, or Luck skills. You may want to prioritize finding these Bobbleheads first. Speech Bobblehead Where to Find Every S.P.E.C.I.A.L. Bobbleheads and the remainder boost specific weapons-related and utility-based perks. There are 20 individual Vault-Tec Bobbleheads to track down across the wasteland of the Commonwealth. However, it’s definitely worth seeking these elusive collectibles out for the benefits they have to offer. This could come in pretty handy if you need to quickly boost your speech, lock-picking, damage, or hacking abilities.įinding each Bobblehead will require some fairly widespread exploration, as they’re scattered across the map. ![]() The rest provide a helpful permanent perk relating to either combat or utility skills. Some of them permanently increase a particular S.P.E.C.I.A.L. This is because they specifically add bonus points to your character’s skill set.Įvery Bobblehead is different. Bobbleheads are amongst the most valuable pieces of loot in the game. ![]() Not only because it’s a core part of the open-world experience, but also to hunt down helpful gear and items. ![]() It’s worth taking the time to adventure across the wasteland in Fallout 4. ![]() What’s more, you can also design your wallpaper by importing videos from the phone gallery, which will surely make you stand out. □ Set TikTok & Instagram Videos as Wallpapersīe it your home-made recordings, funny pets, star videos, animation clips, or wonderful sports moments from TikTok & Instagram, Vellum helps you set them as live wallpaper for your home and lock screen with a few clicks. With Vellum you can keep up with the latest wallpaper fashion to make sure your screen stays stunning and out-of-the-ordinary. Here are frequent updates of screen-savers in Vellum and it will provide you the hottest themes every day. ![]() Vellum provides tons of exclusive high-quality live wallpaper to easily make your phone look alive and interesting. □ Get Live Wallpapers to Animate Your Phone Find your perfect wallpaper for your phone with its high-definition backgrounds to make your phone wow to others. ![]() Vellum supports most of the smartphone brands like Samsung, Xiaomi, Huawei, OPPO, Vivo, etc. Through this powerful background changer, you can make your favorite HD & 4D images as wallpapers, search and explore various categories. And you can choose nine of your favorite images to make them change automatically on the screen every few hours in the Playlist. In addition, you're able to try the Caller Show feature to turn the boring receiving call experience into a pleasant thing. □ Vellum □ is a fun and cool app for making the home and lock screen of your Android mobile devices, which enables you to personalize your screen with 4D Live Wallpapers & different filters and set videos from TikTok & Instagram as live wallpapers. According to Google Play Vellum - 4K Live Wallpapers achieved more than 1,000 installs. Android application Vellum - 4K Live Wallpapers developed by WINXODEV is listed under category Productivity. But given how many mice survived to adulthood, there were always a dozen hotshots ready to fight. They kept their harems in private apartments, which they had to defend from challengers. (In earlier utopias involving rats, some dropouts turned to cannibalism.)Īlpha males struggled, too. They were full of cuts and ugly scars, and every so often huge brawls would break out-vicious free-for-alls of biting and clawing that served no obvious purpose. Calhoun called them “dropouts.” And because so few juveniles died, huge hordes of dropouts would gather in the center of the pen. Normally a mouse that loses a fight will scurry off to some distant nook to start over elsewhere.īut in mouse utopia, the losing mice couldn’t escape. Alphas establish dominance by fighting-wrestling and biting any challengers. Rodents have social hierarchies, with dominant alpha males controlling harems of females. As a result, there were far more youngsters than normal, which introduced several difficulties. ![]() In the wild, infant mortality among mice is high, as most juveniles get eaten by predators or perish of disease or cold. That robust growth masked some serious problems, however. Eventually this torrid growth slowed, but the population continued to climb, peaking at 2,200 mice during the 19th month. ![]() Following an adjustment period, the first pups were born 3½ months later, and the population doubled every 55 days afterward. Architects and civil engineers at the time were having vigorous debates about how to build better cities, and Calhoun imagined urban design might be studied in rodents first and then extrapolated to human beings.Ĭalhoun’s most famous utopia, number 25, began in July 1968, when he introduced eight albino mice into the 4½-foot cube. It wasn’t just the behavior of rats that interested him. Calhoun set up his first utopia, involving Norway rats, in the woods behind his house to monitor rodents over time and figure out what factors drove their population growth.Įventually Calhoun grew fascinated with the rodent behavior for its own sake and began crafting ever more elaborate and carefully controlled environments. The project had limited success, partly because no one could figure out what aspects of rodent behavior, lifestyle, or biology to target. After earning his PhD in zoology, he joined the Rodent Ecology Project in Baltimore in 1946, whose purpose was to eliminate rodent pests in cities. John Calhoun grew up in Tennessee, the son of a high school principal and an artist, and was an avid birder when young. And by this point he knew how quickly mouse heaven could deteriorate into mouse hell. ![]() ![]() Free from predators and other worries, a mouse could theoretically live to an extraordinarily old age there, without a single worry.īut the thing is, this wasn’t Calhoun’s first rodent utopia. Calhoun also screened the mice to eliminate disease. It was a large pen-a 4½-foot cube-with everything a mouse could ever desire: plenty of food and water a perfect climate reams of paper to make cozy nests and 256 separate apartments, accessible via mesh tubes bolted to the walls. Unofficially, it was called mouse heaven.īiologist John Calhoun built the colony at the National Institute of Mental Health in Maryland in 1968. Officially, the colony was called the Mortality-Inhibiting Environment for Mice. |
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